Joseph addai Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Joseph addai - Research Paper Example He was named an All-American by ESPN and Fox Sports, and was appraised as a main 100 select. Addai moved on from secondary school and moved into expanding openings at Louisiana State University. During his residency with the Louisiana State University Tigers, he positioned fifth record-breaking in surging, with 2,577 yards, notwithstanding being essentially utilized as a blocking fullback right off the bat in his vocation. He wore two numbers while at LSU, 41 in his initial years and afterward number 10 in his last years. Addai began his spell at LSU in 2001, however after just two games was conceded a clinical red shirt. The accompanying season, he conveyed the football multiple times, increasing 438 yards, and scoring four touchdowns. His first major game came against the University of South Carolina, during which he increased 98 yards on eleven conveys and scored two touchdowns. On November 9, 2002, he amassed 91 yards, including a 63 yard run for a score, against the Kentucky Wil dcats at Common riches arena. His exhibition assisted with making way for The Bluegrass Miracle, a phenomenal 74-yard match dominating touchdown go from quarterback Marcus Randall to wide recipient Devery Henderson as time terminated on the last play of the game. (Refered to from LSUsports.net) Addai's sophomore season end up being a pennant year for LSU. Driven by mentor Nick Saban the Tigers won the BCS National Championship, the primary national title for LSU since 1958. Addai positioned second to green bean Justin Vincent in surging, increasing 520 yards on 114 endeavors. He drove LSU's initial season 59-13 defeat of the Arizona Wildcats with a 86 yard, two touchdown exhibitions. In 2004, he scrambled for 680 yards on 101 conveys and got 24 goes for 294 yards, scoring an aggregate of seven touchdowns. He contrasted the Alabama Crimson Tribe in a 26-10 Tiger Stadium triumph on the13th of November. He drove the group in surging with 99 yards and included another 46 yards getting, just as scoring two of the three Tiger touchdowns. for the afternoon. The next week he cooperated with Alley Broussard (250 yards on 26 conveys) to lead the Tigers to a 27-24 triumph over the Ole Miss Rebels. Addai's 107 yards was a piece of a noteworthy 360 yard ground assault by the Tigers. During his senior season, Addai drove the group with 911 hurrying yards on 187 conveys, scoring nine touchdowns. The feature of the standard season was a 21-17 triumph over the Florida Gators before a record-setting 92,402 group. Addai fixed the triumph for LSU with a three yard touchdown run with 6:27 staying on the clock. His vocation best exertion consolidated 156 yards surging on 32 conveys with 37 yards getting on 3 gets. Joe Addai finished his residency at LSU with a great game in the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl. In the Tigers' 40-3 triumph over the Miami Hurricanes, he increased a sum of 135 yards and scored twice. Joseph Addai moved on from LSU in December 2005 with a degree in General Studi es. Things aren’t expected to be simple for a NFL new kid on the block, yet it’s difficult to contend that Joseph Addai’s first year was a breeze. Chosen in the first round of the 2006 NFL draft by the Indianapolis Colts, Addai got done with 1,081 yards on 226 conveys and seven surging touchdowns while offering the backfield to veteran Dominic Rhodes. He additionally got 40 goes in the Colts’ pass-glad offense and arrived at the midpoint of 8.1 yards per get. (Refered to from bullz-eye.com) Addai’s customary season execution conveyed into the postseason where he increased 217

Creativity and Gifted Students

Inventiveness and Gifted Students Acquaintance Creativity alludes with the capacity of an individual to bring something ‘new’ or essentially one that didn't exist before into being. It can likewise be characterized as finding new applications for thoughts or things that recently existed. New for this situation is utilized generally to allude to new thoughts as is in the experience of the person.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Creativity and Gifted Students explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The procedure of innovativeness can be separated into two primary procedures, that is, thinking of the first thought and afterward following up on the first plan to deliver it into a reality. A talented individual is one who shows astoundingly uncommon execution in accomplishing something contrasted with others of a similar age and experience. Inventories for estimating talent The skill of an individual is viewed as quantifiable and can be assessed by regulating the subject mod ified tests and afterward breaking down the outcomes. A ton of research, before, has been completed on the subject of skill therefore; various individuals have found various tests that are utilized to decide the talent of an individual. Skilled kids are recognized and selected into programs for talented individuals where they are supported into better individuals. These tests have been applied after some time to figure out which understudies are qualified for enlistment into the skilled projects. A portion of the tests utilized incorporate; The Cognitive Abilities Test that is utilized to quantify a person’s mental capacity, the Iowa Test of Basic aptitudes along with the Iowa Test of Education Development both used to gauge the subject’s accomplishment and Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory are utilized to quantify the subject’s level of inspiration. Tests for imagination of an individual ought to likewise be utilized in deciding qualific ation into talented projects (Kim, 2009, p.7). The limit of innovativeness of an individual is estimated by The Group Inventory for finding Creative Talent and the Torrance trial of Creative Thinking, which was named after its creator Dr. E. Paul Torrance, a main specialist in the field of imagination who created it in 1966.Advertising Looking for article on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Dr. Torrance, inventiveness can be summed up as a consistent procedure of acknowledging issues, lacks, holes in information, missing components, disharmonies; distinguishing the trouble and its answers by making surmises, defining speculations, testing, changing and retesting them where vital and afterward in the end imparting the outcome. Tests for innovativeness ought to be utilized in assessment of qualified understudies for talented projects since they help decide the capability of the subject in inventive incli nations (Davis, 1986, p. 63). There are numerous components of imagination, and it is significant that the right test is picked to decide each element of innovativeness. Along these lines, various arrangements of tests to gauge innovativeness ought to be utilized in picking youngsters for talented projects relying upon the focal point of the program. The imaginative limit estimating tests contain an abundance of data on them which can help uncover the disparate reasoning and the familiarity of the subject. At the point when an individual takes part in innovative inclinations, they are generally surrounded by numerous components including their experience, their way of life and discipline and above all, their own portrayal of innovativeness, and accordingly, chairmen of tests that measure a child’s qualification for enlistment into a talented program should think about this while doing as such (Kim, 2009, p.11). The tests should rhyme well with the subject’s culture mie n and control on the grounds that the earth of the subjects likewise not just the gifts the individual has impacts their capacities. It is for the eventual benefits that the inventive estimation tests be by all account not the only ways used to recognize imagination in people and qualification or be the main instrument on which the choice is made. There ought to be a few tests to select truly people for talented programs.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Creativity and Gifted Students explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the consequences of tests for assessing qualification of youngsters in skilled projects enlistment ought not be looked at against one another. Each culture and society has their own meanings of greatness and the sorts of insight that it esteems. These components ought to likewise be mulled over while directing inventiveness tests. This implies tests for dissimilar reasoning, inspiration, inventories in intrigue, demeanor and character and judgment of items ought to be controlled when choosing which youngster will be acknowledged into a talented program and which one won't. Most trial of talent depend for the most part on the verbal ability or the sum and endlessness of data the subject has which is the reason imaginative tests ought to be embraced as a decent expansion to those tests. Imagination tests give of the opposite side of the subject’s capacities that are discrete from the immense information and gifts henceforth rejecting off biasness. Likewise, feelings from different specialists in the important fields and teaches ought to be utilized to guarantee the accomplishment of the way toward recognizing qualified youngsters for skilled projects. Inventiveness tests, for instance, the Torrance trial of Creative Thinking are exceptionally simple to control, and they don't require a lot of time. They have a couple of alerts to watch and considering the broad research on this field has been going on, they are exceptionally viable. They are reasonable as far as sex, culture and financial incongruities, and they ought to be abutted with different tests to figure out which understudies are taken on skilled programs.Advertising Searching for paper on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More References Davis, G. A. (1986). Innovativeness is always (second ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.. Kim, K. (2009). Would we be able to believe imagination tests? A survey of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT)†. Inventiveness Research Journal. 18(1), 3-14.

Offshore Jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Seaward Jobs - Essay Example are a portion of the nations where MNCs from USA, UK, Germany and other created countries have begun redistributing the occupations. This pattern has gotten in a major manner in the last 15 to 20 years. Truth be told, as this pattern continued growing, a discussion likewise began in the political circles about the activity misfortunes occurring in USA, Germany, UK and so forth. In the as of late finished up Presidential decisions in the USA, redistributing turned into a major issue, with the applicants illuminating their own adaptations of reality on re-appropriating by numerous organizations. In any case, according to the signs accessible the pattern seems relentless in the short term. The high turnover rates among IT staff in a portion of the Indian urban communities focuses towards the accessibility of chances in this segment which pushes the staff to switchover occupations starting with one organization then onto the next looking. The examination directed by McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) brings up that much after an immense climb in pay rates in the re-appropriating goals, the pay rates are still very low when contrasted with the urban areas in the America and driving EU countries. While the models of choosing the locales relies upon an assortment of elements like, work culture, framework accessibility, ability pool and so forth other than the wages; the examination brings up that numerous organizations have liked to go for attempted and tried countries like India and China. Despite the fact that the framework is a long way from agreeable in a portion of the urban communities of India, still a portion of the organizations have communicated their trust in these urban communities dependent on their past experience and the accessibility of other comparable organizations in the region. Simultaneously, the examination brings up that numerous organizations like Amazon.com, Telefonica, Intel and Sakonnet Technology have favored seaward communities in the African urban communities like Cape Town, Tangier, Cordoba, Rio de Jenerio and so forth. In any case, all in all it has been discovered that a portion of the problem areas have become top picks of organizations which have followed the pattern watching the 'main mover's cost advantage'. Be that as it may, this pattern additionally brings about overheating of the activity showcase in those urban communities and the framework also begins breaking down. Refering to the case of Gurgaon, a spot close to the capital city of India the investigation discovers that the region has gotten exceptionally crowded with many shopping centers, multi-story condos and so forth when driving organizations set up their operational units in these urban areas. However, step by step it has begun incurring significant damage with deadening traffic clogs, visit power cuts, correspondence arrange breakdowns and so forth. Yet, the way that so far the converse pattern has not begun, focuses towards the cost advantage despite everything being great for the MNCs. The accessibility of gigantic quantities of jobless taught youth at seaward problem areas makes these areas even more appealing. MGI considered 28 low-wage nations and made sense of that about 6.4 million youthful experts are accessible in 2003 for far less number of occupations. It has been anticipated through the investigation that flexibly of school instructed ability will keep on exceeding the interest from MNCs seaward tasks for some numerous years to come. As a rule a portion of the key variables recognized for picking an area incorporate Cost, accessibility of aptitudes, reasonable political and legitimate condition; showcase capability of the locale or nation; chance components; and foundation. Despite the fact that goals like Dubai have likewise been

Legal, Safety, Regulatory Essay

HR must submit to legitimate guidelines and security laws, alongside guidelines prerequisites. This is set up for associations to keep away from case. The representative related guidelines have been set up by the United States including; Department of Labor, the U. S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and the Department of Homeland Security. The primary focal point of these guidelines is to keep any administrator from acting one-sided or nonsensically. Thus, sound judgment and empathy have been supplanted by case. What supervisors and workers dread the most is being sued. Supervisors will put forth exceptional attempts to keep such circumstances from happening. A few supervisors will disregard high feelings of anxiety of their representatives and come up short on the correct thoughtfulness regarding genuinely disappointed and despondent workers. This tosses presence of mind and empathy out the entryway. Empathy is the working environment intensifies the confidence and excitement of the representatives alongside collaboration where individuals are really open to help and not move rapidly into suing and association. Encountering empathy at work produces positive feeling and, thusly, shapes employees’ long haul perspectives and practices. Positive feelings produced by sympathy have a falling impact on employees’ perspectives and practices, in this way expanding activity fulfillment and bringing down occupation stress, (University of Michigan: Newsroom, 2003). The latest of the significant Equal Employment Opportunity laws is The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 otherwise called ADA. The law prohibiting work oppression individuals with handicaps who can play out the fundamental elements of the activity with or without sensible settlement (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy, 2010). This demonstration likewise gives the meaning of what an individual with inability really involves. Supervisors must be particularly cautious with regards to this on the grounds that nowadays representatives will sew pick and strip down a circumstance and call it separation when no ifs, ands or buts they were most likely not satisfying the expected set of responsibilities. HR administrators need to guarantee the security of their workers. To guarantee such security there are two significant standard guidelines; that is workman’s remuneration laws, each somewhat contrasting whereupon express the representative is in, and OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Act built up since 1970 on the government level . Workman’s comp is a lawfully required advantage that gives clinical consideration, pay continuation, and recovery costs for individuals who support work related wounds or infection. Additionally gives pay to the overcomers of a representative whose passing is work related (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy, 2010). That being the situation, there are reviews held to forestall employee’s from recording fake workman’s comp claims. OSHA has set government and states laws, representatives are to keep their states OSHA measures to guarantee security in the work environment (Dellpo, 2013). In infringement to adhering to such laws can bring about boss fines. With empathy and good judgment ailing in the working environment a genuine displeased worker could cost and business huge amounts of cash via recklessly adding to fines. At that point when given such charges will at that point guarantee segregation. When managing laws that impact HR, these are brought to the EEOC, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Work choices ought not be founded on attributes, for example, race, sex, age, or incapacity (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy, 2010). The EEOC are the ones who examine cases and circumstances including badgering, segregation, ect. Also, do pay attention to everything. Managers nowadays unquestionably misuse the EEOC for straightforward circumstances that presence of mind can be effortlessly applied to, and under those conditions burning through a great deal of time and cash for an association. At long last, in the wake of exanimating the impact of lawful wellbeing and administrative necessities on human asset process the fundamental focal point of these guidelines is to keep any administrator from biasedly and without cause nonsensically treating a representative gravely. Subsequently, sound judgment and empathy have been supplanted by prosecution. It is terrible, however as supervisors that is the reason it is imperative to take activities that create trust, for example, sharing valuable data and following through on duties. Act reliably so representatives are not amazed by unforeseen administration activities or choices. Be honest and keep away from harmless exaggerations and activities intended to control others by giving a specific (bogus) impression. Exhibit honesty by saving confidences and indicating worry for other people. Meet with workers to talk about and characterize what is anticipated from them. Guarantee that workers are dealt with impartially, giving identical awards for comparative execution and evading genuine or clear unique treatment of top choices. Hold fast to clear principles that are viewed as just and sensible, for instance, neither applauding achievements nor forcing punishments excessively. Exhibit regard toward representatives, indicating transparently that they care about workers and perceive their qualities and commitments (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy, 2010). By rehearsing these key focuses empathy and sound judgment can be reestablished in the working environment.

Air Asia Marketing Analysis

Air Asia Marketing Analysis Carriers offer air transport administrations for travelers or load, typically with a perceived working permit. Carriers have rented or claimed airplane with which to flexibly these administrations. Aircrafts may frame associations or unions with different carriers for basic advantage. Carriers contrast from those with a solitary airplane conveying mail or cargo, through full-administration worldwide carriers working several airplane. Aircrafts can be named being intercontinental, intra mainland, local, or worldwide and might be worked as arranged administrations or sanctions. Numerous nations have national carriers that are claimed and worked by the administration. Private carriers are under government guideline for financial, political, and wellbeing issues. For instance, governments regularly meddle to stop carrier work activities so as to monitor the free progression of individuals, interchanges, and merchandise between various locales without trading off wellbeing. A few nations have deregulated or begin deregulating their Airlines, for instance The United States, Australia, and to a littler degree Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Japan. On account of deregulation, carriers have been to a great extent allowed to arrange their own working courses of action with various air terminals, enter and leave courses effectively, and to exact airfares and flexibly trips as per advertise request. In a deregulated advertise, the section obstructions for new carriers are lower, so it makes more prominent rivalry and normal tolls will in general drop 20% or more. The opposition, together with evaluating opportunity, implies that new contestants regularly take piece of the pie with exceptionally modest rates that, to a certain point, full help aircrafts must match. This is a primary constraint on gainfulness for built up bearers, which will in general have a greater expense base. Therefore productivity in a deregulated showcase is unpredictable for most aircrafts. These elements have made some key aircrafts leave business, notwithstanding a large portion of the ineffectively settled new participants. Prologue TO AIRASIA The world driving low admission aircraft in the Asia, Air Asia has been developing quickly since 2001, to turn into an honor winning and the significant minimal effort transporter in Asia. AirAsia was established by an administration claimed aggregate DRB-Hicom in 1993. On 2 December 2001, previous Time Warner official Tony Fernandess organization Tune Air Sdn Bhd bought the vigorously obliged carrier for the token total of one ringgit. Fernandes progressed to build an exceptional turn, turning a benefit in 2002 and presenting new courses from its center point in Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Air Asia has confidence in the nitty gritty, bother free, low passage business thought and feels that minimizing expenses needs high productivity in all aspects of the business. Effectiveness creates reserve funds which are then given to clients with the goal that modest air travel can turn into a reality. Through its concept of Now Everyone Can Fly, Air Asia has presented an unrest in air travel with an ever increasing number of individuals around the locale picking Air Asia as their favored decision of transport. The all out AirAsia armada (counting Thai AirAsia, AirAsia X and Indonesia AirAsia) comprises of the accompanying airplane starting at 14 July 2010 Vital DEVELOPMENTS AirAsia opened a second center point in 2003 at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru close to Singapore and began its first universal trip to Bangkok . In January 2004, airasia started its first worldwide assistance from KL to Phuket in Thailand. In 2006 another spending terminals, the first of its sort in Asia was opened in Kuala Lumpur International Airport. AirAsia is by and by the biggest client of the Airbus A320.[4] The organization has put in a request of 175 units of the Airbus A320 plane to support its courses and in any event 50 of these will be prepared by 2013. Tony Fernandes (CEO) declared a five-year plan on 27 December 2006, to additionally improve its reality in Asia.[5] In the arrangement, AirAsia will develop and improve its course organize by connecting all the current urban areas in the locale and growing further into Indochina, Indonesia, Southern China (Kun Ming, Xiamen, Shenzen) and India. AirAsia pronounced a three-year organization on 5 April 2007, with the British Formula One group ATT Williams. The aircraft brand is shown on the head protectors of Nico Rosberg and Alexander Wurz, and on the bargeboards and nose of the cars.[6] On 27 September 2008, AirAsia has on its rundown 106 new courses to be added to its present rundown of 60 throughout the following hardly any years [7] Auxiliaries Notes Thai AirAsia Set up on 8 December 2003 as joint endeavor with Shin Corporation Indonesia AirAsia AirAsia gained the then Non-operational Awair in 2004 with a 49% stake in the aircraft. Full rebranding to Indonesia AirAsia was finished on 1 December 2005. VietJet AirAsia AirAsia declared On February 2010 that it has bought a 30% stake in VietJet and changed the name to VietJet AirAsia. AirAsia RetTix AirAsia propelled their new occasion ticketing framework called AirAsia RedTix On March 20, 2010, focusing on non-aircraft flight tickets, for example, occasions, sports, and music. Partner Companies AirAsia X: It is a help worked via AirAsia X Sdn. Bhd. as an establishment of AirAsia. It offers long stretch administrations from Kuala Lumpur to Australia and China utilizing an Airbus A330-300. Tune Hotels: Tune Hotels.com is a lodging network set up via AirAsia CEO Tony Fernandes. By and by it has lodgings in activity in Kuala Lumpur, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Penang, Sepang and Bali. Tune Money: It is Asias first no nonsense online money related administrations entryway. Same as Virgin Money, it incorporates life, home and engine vehicle protection just as prepaid Mastercards. Doormen FIVE FORCES To asses the allure and distinguishing the wellsprings of rivalry for Airline industry we use doormen five powers model. 1. Risk of new Entrants in Airline Industry The degree of boundaries to section relies upon following components:- Deregulation: A few nations have deregulated or begin deregulating their Airlines, for instance The United States, Australia, and to a littler degree Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Japan. In a deregulated showcase the section hindrances for new contestants are lower. Capital Requirement: Setting up aircraft business requires tremendous venture. The expense of setting up of workplaces, renting or purchasing airplane, employing pilots and different staffs cause a significant expense. Along these lines, the risk is low for the business. Exchanging costs: In aircraft industry clients don't have to spend more on changing to another carrier. The cost would not be incredibly noteworthy in contrasts, which it relies upon the availability of contenders administrations and appropriateness of the flight time that prompts them to switch. So low exchanging cost pulls in new contestants. 2. Contention among existing firms Fixed expense: In aircraft industry fixed expense are high, for instance account cost, rent cost, and staff costs. To take care of these fixed costs carrier organizations need to acquire piece of the pie. In doing that, consistent value decrease is finished by them to contend with others. Along these lines, the competition is solid. Clients effectively switch: In carrier industry clients need is to take a gander at cost and flight plan that suits them the best when purchasing air tickets. The primary motivation behind utilizing the administrations is to get to the goal arranged. Clients can change to other aircraft effectively that makes the business serious. Comparative Products: As talked about before, the primary reason for utilizing aircraft administrations is to arrive at the goal. Each carrier is offering comparable types of assistance to clients. So it makes the business exceptionally serious. Overabundance Capacity: by and by there has been abundance limit on numerous courses; therefore, carriers need to take an interest in value wars so as to pull in clients no matter what. 3. Risk of Substitute items Almost certainly Airline is the quickest method to head out starting with one goal then onto the next along these lines there is no Perfect Substitute accessible. In any case, mulling over Domestic Airlines, there are choices accessible to the clients like by-street and train game plans yet again time utilization and accommodation are the reasons which dishearten clients to receive any of these two choices. Cost of Air Travel anyway is an obstacle which let clients to think to take other accessible choices. Universal Airlines have an extremely less or no risk with respect to different choices. 4. Haggling intensity of purchasers Web innovation brought about expanding the bartering intensity of purchaser. Since the purchasers are currently ready to look at the costs all the more effectively and taking into account no exchanging costs, they could pick whichever aircraft offers a low cost. Subsequently the purchasers might have the option to impact the aircrafts to lessen their costs. 5. Bartering Power of Suppliers Number of providers: The providers for carriers are fuel providers, nourishments providers, stock providers, and airplane providers. There are barely any providers in the market for airplanes; the organizations are either Airbus or Boeing. So the intensity of provider is solid. High exchanging costs: AirAsia use Airbus models airplane. In the past it was utilizing Boeing models, which they rent it and later they supplanted Boeing models with Airbus. On the off chance that Airasia change to Boeing once more, at that point the cost will be high, since preparing cost for staff to work out in a good way for the airplane highlights must be advertised. Other than that, the innovation utilized via Airbus is the most exceptional, so Airasia need to depend on the Airbus model. Consequently, dealing intensity of providers is solid. SWOT ANALYSIS The motivation behind this investigation is distinguishing outer elements (openings and dangers) and inside elements (qualities and shortcoming) that AirAsia needs to consider in accomplishing its objectives and destinations to be minimal effort transporter in the carrier business. The qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers for AirAsia are: Qualities Single airplane type: AirAsia works a solitary kind of airplane, the airbus

Study On Efficient Market Hypothesis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is the theory behind efficient capital markets. An efficient capital market is one in which security prices reflect and rapidly adjust to all new information. The derivation of the EMH is mostly credited to the work of Fama. In 1965 the doctoral dissertation written by Fama was republished. In this Fama looks at the current literature on stock price behaviour and examines the distribution and dependence of stock price returns. He concluded that, it seems safe to say that this paper has presented strong and voluminous evidence in favour of the random walk hypothesis. Due to a better understanding of price formation in competitive markets, the random walk model was now seen as a set of observations that can be consistent with the efficient markets hypothesis. This switch began with observations published in a paper by Samuelson in 1965. Samuelson presented his proof in the general form, which helped in the understanding of the notion of a well-functioning market. His paper had the observation in competitive markets there is a buyer for every seller. If one could be sure that a price would rise, it would have already risen. Samuelson stated that arguments like this are used to deduce that competitive pri ces must display price changesthat perform a random walk with no predictable bias. Following on by the work done by Samuelson, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, a paper was published by Fama in 1970. This paper consisted of a comprehensive review of the theory and evidence of market efficiency. He defined an efficient market as one in which trading on available information fails to provide an abnormal profit. This paper was one of the firsts to distinguish between the three forms of market efficiency. The three forms of market efficiency are the weak form, semi-strong form and strong form. He concluded that the results are strongly in support of the weak form of market efficiency and that in short, the evidence in support of the efficient markets model is extensive, and (somewhat uniquely in economics) contradictory evidence is sparse. I will now summarise some papers that have been written on the criticism of the EMH. Although there has been a vast amount of literature published on the development and the support of the efficient market theory, there has also been various studies published criticising the EMH. This criticism comes about due to the fact that the EMH is difficult to test. A number of studies indicate anomalous behaviour, which appears to be inconsistent with market efficiency. Such anomalies include the small firm effect as talked about in a paper by Banz in 1981. Banz analysed monthly returns over the period 1931-75 on shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Over this interval, the fifty smallest stocks outperformed the fifty largest by an average of one percentage point per month, on a risk-adjusted basis. After the publication of this paper, many other authors published their own papers examining the subject of the small firm effect. A paper by Ball in 1978 points out that the evidence could equally indicate the shortcomings of the models of expected return. A paper by Fama in 1998 concludes that further study should not be done on developing behavioural based theories of stock markets that take into account the apparent anomalies, but that search for better asset pricing models should take president. There is also the area of behavioural finance that criticises EMH. I will look at this in more depth in the next section. Market Bubble While the EMH is generally regarded as the best theory that can describe the actions of market prices it is not perfect and sometimes events occur that contradict the EMH. One of these events is that of the bubble. A bubble is when a specific industrys market prices do really well, so well that prices seem to rise higher than the EMH dictates. Eventually, the bubble bursts and prices return to a price more in line with EMH. One famous bubble was that of the dot.com bubble. EMH does not explain why this bubble exists in the first place. This is one of the major criticisms of the EMH. Many academics have turned to the relatively new theory of behavioural financ e to explain the bubble. Behavioural Finance One area that has recently undermined the EMH is the work published looking at behavioural finance. As observed by Shleifer (2000) At the most general level, behavioural finance is the study of human fallibility in competitive markets. Behavioural finance incorporates elements of cognitive psychology into finance in an effort to better understand how individuals and entire markets respond to different circumstances. Behavioural finance is based on the principle that all investors are not rational. Some investors can be over-confident, while other less knowledgeable investors might be prone to herding effects. Shefrin (1999) was one such author to talk about behavioural finance. He is one author who argues that a few psychological phenomena pervade the entire landscape of finance. Harrington (2003) agrees with the notion that overconfidence can lead to irrational behaviour. She states that investors can become irrational and their ir rational behaviour affects their ability to profit from owning stocks and bonds. Of course, behavioural finance does have its draw backs. One of which is the fact that using instincts alone can result in a loss. This is due to human error. The person that is using their instincts in determining where to invest might not have the greatest financial knowledge in the first place. Also, this person might be having a bad day or be under a great deal of stress or be distracted in some other way. This could result in the wrong decision being made. Therefore, it is a good idea to use both behavioural finance on top of the traditional theories already in use today. This view is supported by an article by Malkiel (1989) who agrees with the notion that behavioural aspects have a great importance in stock market valuation. He argues that behavioural factors play an important role in stock valuation alongside traditional valuation theories. This is summed up by the following quote, market val uations rest on both logical and psychological factors. The theory of valuation depends on the projection of a long-term stream of dividends whose growth rate is extraordinarily difficult to estimate. Moreover, the appropriate risk premiums for common equities are changeable and far from obvious either to investors or economists. Thus, there is room for the hopes, fears, and favourite fashions of market participants to play a role in the valuation process. Another article from the Banker (2004) also supports the view that behavioural finance has a role to play alongside the traditional views. In this section I will look at literature that tries to see if behavioural finance can explain this bubble. Many authors have argued that bubbles can be caused by over enthusiasm. For example, the new communication technology of the 1990s was exaggerated (causing the dot.com bubble). By this I mean that the new innovation is by some corners, i.e. the media and governments, over triumphed. Th is can lead to irrational behaviour of investors. This can lead to investors becoming over confident in the technology or industry. Another factor of this over enthusiasm is that it could attract herding behaviour. The irrational investor will be more likely to invest in something that is being hyped up as they feel that others are doing the same thing. They will feel that if others are doing it then it must be a good idea for them to do it as well. A factor that will have led to the development of a bubble is that of speculation. One such author that observed the speculation effect on the dot.com boom was Giombetti (2000). Many informed investors would have probably over invested in a specific industry going against market theory. They will have done this on the hope that their investment will pay off. Even if their investment were initially at a loss they would have stayed with it. Authors of behavioural finance outline this behaviour. This behaviour of these investors would have distorted the market conditions for other investors. Also, the herding effect would have been greater due to this. These factors would have led to the stock prices of a certain industry being vastly over priced. This would, therefore, cause the bubble. This bubble that has been created will, in turn, attract other investors. These investors will invest as they feel they are missing out on a good thing. This is another example of herding. This meant that when the bubble burst stock prices would have fell rapidly, causing investors to lose vast sums of money. This would cause them to pull out of the industry, which, in turn, causes the companies themselves to collapse. If it were not for irrational investment then investors might have pulled out earlier, before the collapse. This might have even meant that the collapse would not have happened. Other authors talk about some of the factors that cause investors to become irrational. On such author are Johnsson, Lindblom and P latan (2002). In their masters dissertation they talk about the various factors of irrationality. One of these is the observation that investors will hang on to losing shares longer than market theory dictates. They say that this is because they are waiting for the performance of the share to change for the better. This is referred to as loss aversion. This is an example of a psychological factor that is effecting the investment decision. Back to: Essay Examples Another psychological factor that affects investors, causing irrational behaviour is that of the feeling of regret. Authors argue that past bad decisions cause investors to feel regret and this alters their behaviour in such a way as to become irrational. Another factor that causes irrational behaviour is that of when the investor uses mental shortcuts in investment decisions. These shortcuts usually make investors choose the right decision but occasionally cause the investor to make the wrong decision. Optical illusions are a good example of how shortcuts can cause mistakes. A paper on www.undicoveredmanagers.com is one such paper that covers this point. Of course there are many authors who do not believe in the theory of behavioural finance. These authors argue that traditional financial theory can still be used to explain current market conditions. One such author is the person credited with the idea of the efficient market hypothesis, Eugene Fama. Fama (1998) argues that anomalies can be explained by traditional market theory. He argues that, apparent overreaction of stock prices to information is about as common as under-reaction and he suggests that this finding is consistent with the market efficiency hypothesis that the anomalies are chance events Other authors have argued that behavioural finance is only a study of individual investor behaviour. They argue that this theory has not been proven on a market wide scale. The tradition theories of finance have been. References www.UndiscoveredManagers.com (1999) Introduction to Behavioral Finance Ball R. (1978) Anomalies in Relationships Between Securities Yields and Yield-Surrogates, Journal of Financial Economics, 6, pp. 103-26. Banz R. (1981) The Relationship Between Return and Market Value of Common Stocks, Journal of Financial Economics, 9, pp. 3-18. Fama E. F. (1965) The behaviour of stock market prices, Journal of Business 38 (1), 34-105. Fama E. F. (1970) Efficient capita l markets: a review of theory and empirical work, Journal of Finance 25 (2), 383-417. Fama, E. (1998a). Efficiency survives the attack of the anomalies, GSB Chicago Alumni Magazine, (Winter):14-16. Giombetti R. (2000) The Dot.com Bubble. www.EatTheState.org Vol 4, Issue 23 Harrington C. (2003) Head games: Helping quell investors irrational antics. Accounting Today, v17 i11 p5(2) Johnsson M., Lindblom H. Platan P. (2002) Behavioral Finance And the Change of Investor Behavior during and After the Speculative Bubble At the End of the 1990s Malkiel B. G. (1989) Is the stock market efficient? Science, v243 n4896 p1313(6) Samuelson P. (1965) Proof That Properly Anticipated Prices Fluctuate Randomly. Industrial Management Review, 6, pp. 41-49. Scholes M. (1972) The Market for Securities: Substitution Versus Price Pressureand the Effects of Information on Share Prices. Journal of Business, 45, pp. 179-211. Shefrin H. Beyond Greed and Fear. (1999) Understanding B ehavioral Finance and the Psychology of Investing. Harvard Business School Press Shleifer A. (2000) Inefficient Markets. An introduction to behavioural finance. Oxford university Press The Banker (2004) Cover feature: how much risk can you manage? Banks have a huge range of resources available to aid risk managers, but human nature can still result in a bad decision. Behavioural finance and prospect theory lifts the veil on poor investment judgement

Wheres The Motivation - Literature Essay Samples

Often instead of the gallant, chivalrous hero, it is the deceptive, wicked villain that leaves a lasting imprint on the audience. The subversive and incorrigibly horrendous actions of the villains in Shakespeare’s Othello and Titus Andronicus, especially when compared to the helpless protagonists, demonstrate how a character can leave a deep impression on the reader and audience member. Iago and Aaron the Moor, although distinct in their fashion of wreaking havoc on the lives of their victims, do share one horrifying quality that ensures their literary reputation as true agents of evil; they lack motive. Although Iago claims that his hatred of Othello stems from the alleged adultery in which his commander and wife engaged, this reason is never substantiated nor expounded upon. As Iago creates his traps, it becomes clearer to the reader that he is a man intent on destroying Othello simply because he wants to. Just like Iago, Aaron is devoid of a clear motive for why he see ks to annihilate Lavinia and her father, Titus. He fervently plots to bring the Andronicus family to a horrible end, simply because he can. It is because these villains lack a motive and appear as malevolence incarnate that the audience is truly horrified and cannot, unlike the antagonists in other Shakespearean plays, downplay their actions and locate some tenable justification. At the conclusion of each play, the audience feels uneasy as to the fate of the villain. Though the persons of Iago and Aaron are sentenced to death, their introduction of pure wickedness into the world of the play’s characters seems to remain indefinitely. At the beginning of Titus Andronicus, Aaron seems to play an auxiliary role to his lover, the Queen of the Goths. He initially acts in the capacity of a quasi-jester – he puns and provides witty insight into the proceedings leading up to the â€Å"marriage† of Saturninus and Tamora. As the play progresses, however, his role as villain begins to surface with the rape and mutilation of Lavinia. In initiating what could be almost morbidly considered as clichà © villainy, Aaron, apparently consulting the villain’s playbook, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, suggests to Tamora’s lustful sons to rape Lavinia and cut off her tongue and both hands. The similarities between the actions of the characters in Ovid’s Metamorphoses and those of Tamora’s sons are shocking and serve to show that evil actions, even those as inconceivable as the ones perpetrated by Chiron and Demetrius, are always recurring. Aaron revels in his sin and, as he mentions many times throughout the play, regrets being revealed only because he cannot commit a thousand more horrors. In the third act of the play, Aaron tricks Titus into cutting off his own hand to save two of his sons. After Titus detaches his hand, the audience sees he was tricked. Titus is left with only one hand and the heads of his two sons. Aaron ’s following aside supports the lack of motive for his deceit and spiteful actions. He declares that, while good men will attempt to perform justly, â€Å"Aaron will have his soul black like his face† (3.1.204). The mention of a soul implicitly suggests that Aaron, in his capacity as an evil force, is immortal and though evil’s incarnation may eventually perish, evil itself will remain. The comparison between the darkness of his soul and his complexion not only hints at Shakespeare’s stereotype of Moors as essentially bad men, but it also connects the invisible and despicable qualities of Aaron with his perceivable physicality. As he indicates to the audience in his aside, the villain grows by perpetuating acts of painful trickery, stating â€Å"O, how this villainy/ Doth fat me with the very thoughts of it!† (3.1.201-2). As is indicated by the scoundrel himself, his soul and his face both darken merely by committing such acts; it seems as if he desires to do evil because, by doing so, he becomes ever increasingly the very embodiment of the vile. As Aaron’s â€Å"confession† in act five illustrates, he no longer is simply a man doing bad things and, by virtue of his inability to do good, he is marked as evil. As his language indicates, he is in fact incapable of doing anything but that which is considered horrendously dreadful. After enumerating the deeds of which he is most proud, in particular exhuming dead bodies and setting â€Å"them upright at their dear friends’ door,† he states that he has done all this â€Å"As willingly as one would kill a fly† (5.1.136,142). This passing analogy goes to say that just as a regular human being, if the bug were presented as a vex, would kill a fly without thinking, so does Aaron commit murder, rape, scandal and all other unmentionable horrors. The audience and reader’s reaction must be the shocking realization that this is truly no m an, for within the mind of a person there should exist a battle of good thoughts versus evil thoughts. For Aaron, and unfortunately for the Andronicus family, there is no such mental dichotomy; just as one could swat away a fly, Aaron as easily presents himself as absolutely wicked. In the same way that Aaron fails to cite any particular grievance that would fuel his plot of ruining Titus and his family, Iago commits his treachery without any discernable reasons. At the beginning of the play, Iago alleges that he has a â€Å"peculiar end† which drives his plan to destroy Othello for, as â€Å"it is thought abroad,† the Moor had â€Å"’twixt [Iago’s] sheets/ He has done [Iago’s] office† (1.1.60, 369-70). There is only one more mention of this allegation said in passing later in the play; since it is only rumor as Iago himself admits, the audience member and the reader cannot count on this proposed reason as particularly valid. In a state ment which echoes Aaron’s aside to the audience in Titus, Iago declares that his â€Å"outward action doth demonstrate/ The native act and figure of my heart† (1.1.61-2). Just as Aaron’s face will darken as his sins accrue, Iago’s appearance, as his â€Å"heart† begins to blacken, will relate to the other characters what he plans. In the second act of the play, Iago speaks to the audience after advising Cassio to plead with Desdamona in order to be reinstated as lieutenant. When Cassio exits and Iago is left alone, he begins by jesting â€Å"And what’s he then that says I play the villain,† when, he feels, he has provided Cassio with only the most truthful of advice and council (2.3.310). Superficially it appears as if this joke is meant to be an earnest entreat to the audience to find Iago to be, in fact, an honest person and the farthest thing from an evil man. But, keeping in mind his frightening preoccupation with torturing a ny and all of the other characters in the play, one can see that the joke is made tongue in cheek. Iago knows he is a villain, and since he has readily assumed the position of such, he can joke about his status as the antagonist. He partakes in a small confession in this scene, but the confession is not offered in hopes of reconciling his naughty ways; Iago is utterly proud of his treachery. Any other individual would perhaps still be proud that his or her plot had been successful thus far, but he or she would expectedly attempt to justify the reasons during his speech directed at the audience; Iago makes no attempt to do this. Iago refuses to try and rationalize his hatred because he doesn’t want to and, more importantly, he cannot; he has become the embodiment of unadulterated malice. The plays Othello and Titus Andronicus achieve their dramatic effect not through grandiose speeches or the noble and gallant actions of their protagonists. Quite oppositely, it is throug h that which remains unsaid that the audience is profoundly disturbed. The motivation that should logically drive the malicious actions of the villains remains undisclosed and, upon analysis of the language of Aaron and Iago, appears to be entirely nonexistent. Each antagonist thrives upon the accumulation of sin and, as Aaron explicitly states, his only regret is being unable to perform â€Å"a thousand more† (5.1.124). The ability and desire to do evil is the only motivating factor that drives the action of Iago and Aaron, and as they create more and more chaos within the lives of their victims, their despicable natures become physically visible on their persons. They eventually become a reflection of their minds; Aaron is as dark as his soul, and Iago, as the reader can imagine, can barely contain his glee at witnessing Othello’s demise.

Gender Is A Social Construction - 849 Words

Soc 201 Section: Q Reed, Djonae Paper 1: Question C First, what is gender? What does it mean to say that gender is a social construction? Gender refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male. (Macionis 2015:308) The society in which we live produces our views of what women and men are and what they are supposed to be. However, many people say that gender is â€Å"socially constructed†. Basically meaning it is constructed by society. For many decades, it has been what gender should represent and what it should look like. For instance, if someone is labeled with the gender, boy, they are supposed to wear blue, like trucks, and cars, be rough, like sports, make the most money for the family, etc. If someone is labeled with the gender, girl, then they are supposed to wear pink, like dresses, makeup, be polite, be nice, be nourishing clean the house, etc. The continuous day-to-day construction of gender has been called â€Å"doing gender†. (West /Zimmerman: 1987). According to West and Zimmerman, â€Å"Doing Gender† means to perform complex societal activities of perception, interaction and of micro-politics which define certain activities pursuing either masculine or feminine. This means that the â€Å"doing† of gender justifies social structures and thus establishes the male and female difference as natural. However, processes of doing gender aren’t only carried by individuals in society but also throughShow MoreRelatedGender And Social Construction Of Gender1230 Words   |  5 Pages‘Gender’ is a category used by all human beings to describe the state of being either male or female. Gender is often described as socially constructed which implies that it is something individuals may not be aware of. Through the social construction of a concept, meanings are created. These meanings and understandings are developed in coordination with other individuals rather than within individuals thems elves. Because all societies are different, the social construction and therefore definitionsRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1220 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 3 In the reading â€Å"The social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber she describes how gender is socially constructed. Sex is the biological difference while gender is the social and cultural meanings attached to femininity and masculinity (lecture). From the time that a child is born the doctor assigns it a gender, girl or boy, depending on its genitalia. In the reading â€Å"Naming All the Parts† it focused on how when doctors view genitalia to decide the gender they say there is a penis orRead MoreSocial Construction of Gender1183 Words   |  5 Pagesexactly is â€Å"Gender† and what a â€Å"Social Construct† means. GENDER In a layman’s language, Gender is simply the distinction between male and female. However, if we look deeper in well, we will notice the gender construction starts with the association of sex category at the time of birth. Sex is the biological distinction between a man and a woman and gender is based on sex. A sex category becomes a gender status through naming, dress and the use of other gender marksRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender978 Words   |  4 PagesSociologist Peter Berger wrote in his â€Å"Invitation to Sociology† book that â€Å"social reality has layers of meaning, and the discovery of each new layer changes the perception of the whole.† (Berger 1963). Berger, as a sociologist responsible for helping create the social constructionism theory, is not just extending an invitation to sociology. He is already explaining how the world can be viewed by people who already are actively participating in society. This consciousness allows the layer of how peopleRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1000 Words   |  4 Pagesas the definition of gender and gender norms. Judith Lorber wrote an essay called, The Social Construction of Gender. The essay was included in the textbook, Women s Lives. A textbook written by Gwyn Kirk and Margo Okinawa Rey. â€Å"Women’s Lives† is a Feminist focused compilation of essays. As well as, cultur al analysis of women globally. Lorber is one of many authors who wrote essays regarding gender for â€Å"Women’s Lives. Lorber argues gender constantly changes due to social interaction. A societyRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesownership of their bodies. The first article is â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber. In this essay she states that sex and gender is constructed through the society in which we live and that, â€Å"Gender is so pervasive that in our society we assume it is bred into our genes† (Lorber, 64). Lorber’s article takes the standpoint that physical gender expression is such an important topic to individuals because when the conventions of gender are shifted, â€Å"we feel socially dislocated† (65). AnRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender989 Words   |  4 PagesRace is a system of categories put in place by society in order to make each individual fit into a certain social group. It is due to societies implementation of such a system that individuals in these racial categories do not always look at each other as equals, causing a race to not always identify themselves as a homogenous front. This essay will delve into the poetry of a popular Def Jam spoken word artist Black Ice, whose piece Bigger Than Mine looks into the dualism within Black society inRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender832 Words   |  4 PagesSex, as we have learned, refers to the physical and anatomical differences between males and females. These differences are biological and unambiguous. Gender on the other hand, refers to the aspects that influence each sex and make them distinct from a social standpoint, and each of us does gender constantly. The social construction of gender has caused controversy throughout the years, and has ultimately conceived one of the most contended topics in our society of late: feminism. Feminism refersRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender957 Words   |  4 Pagesregulations in which people have to obey making social life be structured. Society has expectations for people to live by. People tend to live up to the norms in order to feel part of the world. Individuals do not want to be judged and labeled, so unconsciously live by the roles that they believe their gender has to follow. Gender is socially constructed concept in which society acts upon. The family is the first to influence individuals to this idea. Gender has roles in which boys and girls are supposedRead MoreGender Is A Social Construction1213 Words   |  5 PagesS One cannot talk about social interactions in society without talking about gender. Gender is part of According to Macionis (2015), gender is â€Å"the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male†. Most societies only view gender as being either male or female. An individual must portray their gender correctly in order to be normal in society. Meaning a woman must act feminine and a man must act masculine. However, what happens when an individual chooses

The Politics Of The Global Essay - 998 Words

INTRODUCTION â€Å"The Politics of the Global† gives us a narration of how development of international political economy happens and an understanding of globalization. Globalization is frequently analyzed independently and the author shows how globalization plays out in two multi-cultural democracies; India and USA. It portrays different political possibilities like colonial coercion, post-colonial ambivalence and post-colonial co-option that are opened by global relays of meanings, identities and power from historically different locations. Globalization also explores a variety of spaces and strategies for resisting the colonization of the global. The author identifies bureaucratic delays and red tape that happens in government of India as the same of a business man who uses technology to improve productivity and is professional in his approach. It focuses on reconstructing the state’s economy and its government using the SMART – simple, moral, accountable, responsive and t ransparent governance- argument. He characterizes globalization into three narratives; the rationalist, historical materialist and the constructivist approaches. Each narrative consists of many theories some of them disagreeing with each other but at the end of the day, each narrative is united through shared models of understanding and explanation that seeks to go beyond the international to access the global (Muppidi, 2004, p.3). CENTRAL THESIS In his book, the author brings out globalization and looks atShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Politics1523 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do you believe to be the most pressing issue in global politics today? â€Å"Climate change is a large-scale, long-term shift in the planet s weather patterns or average temperatures† . In 2006, Al Gore highlighted a problem hinted at for years, climate change, in his documentary The Inconvenient Truth, and this essay will explain why this problem is still the most important issue in global politics, despite receiving less coverage in world press. With major problems such as rising sea levels andRead MoreThe Internet and Global Politics832 Words   |  3 PagesAccorodng to Badie Royal (2000), they showed that the internet has affected the global politics through increasing political participation. The innovation of internet brought with itself the ability to allow people to participate in political events differently. Internet allows people to influence the government decisions via comments posted on websites and send e-mails of political contents (Ferdinand, 2000). Nowadays, many governments are launching political websites and media to seek p ublicRead MoreGlobal Politics Essay6696 Words   |  27 PagesGlobal Politics The study of international or rather global politics, seeks to provide an account of politics in the broadest domain. The domain of international politics in the twenty-first century is characterised by the increasing number of actors pursuing common and personal interests. It is largely due to the globalised, interdependent nature of the current international political environment that the concepts of sovereignty and power deserve further evaluationRead MoreTerrorism And Its Impact On Global Politics1734 Words   |  7 Pagesvery significant impact in global politics. The impact on global politics is now more significant than ever before, due to the rise of terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State and al-Qaeda. Terrorists use attacks to create chaos and fear in society, forcing global political reactions to control the threat. Fear created through the media is believed to exaggerate the global threat posed by terrorism. Terrorism is able to dramatically change the scope of global politics forcing states to reconsiderRead MoreThe Global Challenges of Comparative Politics1393 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Global Challenges of Comparative Politics Introduction to Comparative Politics-Studies how different countries both shape and are shaped by the world. 1989,2001, and 2008 define the current era of world politics-describes a particular important moment; critical juncture. A frequently cited date is 1989, when the Berlin wall was dismantled. 1989 ushered in three important changes. Marked the end of a bipolar world-marked the emergence of a unipolar world. Marked the triumphRead MoreInternational Relations And Global Politics2443 Words   |  10 PagesKegley and Raymond stated: â€Å"The shape of the world’s future will be determined not only by changes in the objective conditions of world politics, but also by the meanings people ascribe to these conditions.† Terrorism is presently a major factor in international relations and has impacted the world to change in many significant ways. Terrorism is a political ideology that has been problematic in defining definitely because of its various interpretations around the world, as well as the fact thatRead MoreConceptualizing Global Environmental Politics Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesfacing global environmental politics insofar as the resolution of such problems as global warming, the hole in the ozone layer, the loss of biodiversity, and many other transnational environmental issues rests upon some sort of consensus among extremely diverse groups. These are considered gl obal problems not only because of their apocalyptic potential but they are also unique in that the â€Å"terrain where they occur [is] property that could be claimed by everyone or by no one. They [are] global alsoRead MoreThree Major Problems of Global Politics1131 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Exam Paper Decision-making is a complex process that is influenced by many different factors. Three major factors that affect global politics today include free-ridership, groupthink, and shadow of the past. These are problems that are central to scholars of I.R., and serve as obstacles to achieving cooperation among countries. To better understand the impact of these issues, it will be necessary to assess why each is important, and the theories that offer the best explanations of their presenceRead More Ozone and Global Environmental Politics Essay5822 Words   |  24 PagesOzone and Global Environmental Politics A thin layer of gas called atmosphere surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere serves two important purposes: it is a filter for the suns dangerous ultraviolet radiation rays and keeps the heat, necessary to maintain life on earth, within the stratosphere (Vorlat 361). Ultraviolet light is incredibly dangerous to all the organisms within the Earths ecosystem because it causes skin cancer, effects the immune system, and harms plant and animal lifeRead MoreA Brief Note On Film And Global Politics2330 Words   |  10 PagesAndrea LoPiccolo Film and Global Politics Due: April 29, 2015 Final Paper Income Inequality in Latin America: Cause and Effect When a young Che Guevara embarked on his motorcycle trip across Latin America, he meant to discover himself and explore the world. Instead, he discovered much more than he ever expected to and it completely changed his views on the economic and social status of Latin America. He discovered the truth of working conditions, the poverty in certain areas and the effect that

Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills - 1046 Words

REFLECTION-ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror-like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the acceptable and poor quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a strong grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having†¦show more content†¦Experience-reflection-knowledge Pawar and Anscombe, (2015), has mentioned Dewey (1933) is a great example of how planning ahead is a step towards better success rather than dwelling on the past problems. Implementing Dewey s theory into my assignment, assist ing my understanding of how to support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to apply, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals, and articles of interest. Subsequently, after analysing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself much more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006) has mentioned that being too sensitive will block your progress, by doing time-bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the purpose. Percival (2006), has also said putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can beShow MoreRelatedReflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills1043 Words   |  5 PagesREFLECTION-ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the good and bad quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve myself around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal wasRead MoreReflection on the development of academic and professional skill in year one1573 Words   |  7 Pages Reflection on the development of academic and professional skill in year one In this paper I am going to reflect on my professional and academic skills development throughout my first year at University. I began this course as a mature student hungry for education and a fresh challenge. During semester two, I found university quite hard as I am currently having family problems; as a result I had to learn to balance university life, part time job and regular trips back home (and that is Bulgaria)Read MoreReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a1600 Words   |  7 PagesReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a wonderful opportunity to discover my abilities and develop skills and confidence in critical thinking and systematic research processes. Especially, getting an A+ for a psychology report assignment and genuinely enjoying the process have given me a sense of competence in performing similar tasks such as planning and conducting experiments, analysing results, and evaluating research processes. AfterRead More1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working1646 Words   |  7 Pagespractice of experiencing situations and then reflecting on them, which is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist (RCSLT, 2003). It is through this reflective practice that an SLT can progress â€Å"from novice to expert† (Tarrant, 2013; p3). Furthermore, reflective practice is a skill which itself con tinues to be developed. Reflective practice and professional development are intrinsically linked; a clinicianRead MorePRS Coursework 11224 Words   |  5 PagesMANAGEMENT BSM 160: PERSONAL AND RESEARCH SKILLS (FULL TIME) MOIRA BAILEY 1415792 CINDY OMARI WORD COUNT: 1,051 This reflective paper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was one of the four modules I took in theRead MoreReflective Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesHow do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarise the opinions of others. Reflective writing can help you to improve your analytical skills because it requiresRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 PagesNursing philosophy My philosophy of nursing practice is being kind to others. I use my knowledge and skills to help people. I also respect patients’ preferences, values and choices even though they differ from mine. I will try to understand and show empathy to my patients through seeing them beyond their illness and provide holistic and culturally sensitive care. Nursing is not just a job that looks after the sickness, rather, it is about the humanity, about being a human for another human. As aRead MorePersonal Development and Learning Essay example897 Words   |  4 Pagesyears from now, but the process begins here in PDP 150 as students learn to apply their new reflective skills in developing of an effective portfolio. The reflective essay provides the opportunity to describe and document one’s growth as a person during this time in a student’s life, and the key to understanding the task is to emphasize the term â€Å"reflective.† In PDP 150, students learn that reflection can sometimes be confused with words such as â€Å"reaction† or â€Å"response.† Through the many reflectiveRead MoreBusiness1053 Words   |  5 Pages3028MKT STRATEGIC MARKETING SIMULATION CRITICAL REFLECTION FEEDBACK Definition Reflective learning is an understanding and a disposition that a student builds across the curriculum and co-curriculum, from making simple connections among ideas and experiences to synthesising and transferring learning to new, complex situations within and beyond the campus. Task The Critical Reflection offers students the opportunity to critically reflect on their learning experiences both in the course and acrossRead MoreReflective Reflection1266 Words   |  6 Pagescritically evaluate key academic sources linked with reflective practice, these include models by Gibbs, Kolb and Schon. One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back

Movie Rabbit Proof Fence - 900 Words

Elyse 1 New Jersey City University Prof: Lisette Cultural Class Movie: Rabbit Proof Fence Through research, you can learn that postcolonial discourse is an â€Å"academic discipline that analyzes the cultural legacies of colonialism and of imperialism.† It is made up of theories found amongst â€Å"history anthropology, philosophy, linguistics, film, political science, architecture, human geography, sociology, Marxist theory, feminism, religious and theological studies, and literature.† An understanding of postcolonial discourse could be what colonized societies handed down to succeeding generations after them that has become significant to their culture. In the movie â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence,† the health of the girls was affected by colonialist attitudes within the culture. The story was about three young half caste girls who were forced to live in by the English government. The three young girls were half caste children which means they were Aboriginal children who were fathered by white Englishmen. The Aborigines were portrayed in the movie as an inferior race. The officials felt that these children were in a different level of society above from other Aboriginal children because they had English blood in them. It was portrayed that were smarter and because of that were more educable than pure-blooded Aborigines, but they were not better than the full blooded EnglishShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Rabbit Proof Fence1502 Words   |  7 Pagessee me after he failed to recapture two runaway girls. This job failure has him concerned about his daughters and his own futures, and as a result he is experiencing depression. Historical Background The movie Rabbit-Proof Fence (Noyce, 2002) based on the book Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence (Garimara, 1996), establishes the true story of the authors mother, the protagonist Molly. Both the film and novel are consistent when demonstrating key themes and ideas that occurred during the period. TheseRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence Comparison Between Movie and Book1340 Words   |  6 PagesRabbit Proof Fence has been published both as a book and as a movie. Being a reader or a viewer entirely changes our point of view on the story. As a reader, we get descriptive insight on the situations and emotions of the characters. We are then able to re-create these visually using our imagination and have endless freedom doing so. As a viewer, our creativity is somewhat restricted. We do not imagine the characters’ physical appearance, the locations or the overall situations in the same way asRead MoreThe Concept Of Tracking Is An Essential Skill To The Aboriginal1564 Words   |  7 Pagess ignificant role in Aboriginal history because it molded the relationship between the Aboriginals and the white settlers. In the movie adaptation of the novel Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence, the tracker illustrates how perceptions of trackers can transform by witnessing the struggle of the tracker living in both white society and aboriginal culture. Therefore, in both the movie and the novel, tracking demonstrates how it has impacted the history of Australia and helped shaped the image of Australia inRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesRabbit-Proof Fence Summary: An overview of the ways in which the film Rabbit-Proof Fence conveys the importance of home, family, and country to indigenous peoples. The film Rabbit-Proof Fence conveys the importance of home and country to indigenous peoples. The director Phillip Noyce refers to home in different ways. He has symbolised home by repeatedly showing images of the Spirit Bird and the Rabbit Proof Fence, since it is a connection to their home. The movie shows Mollys determinationRead MoreEssay on Rabbit Proof Fence1109 Words   |  5 PagesRabbit Proof Fence in the context of Australian identity: In the introductory lecture our attention was focused on a number of core themes which run throughout the course. One such theme was the concept of a nation and the way in which cultural products of the nation shape our sense of identity. Rabbit Proof Fence is an important film to examine within this context as it is the first international film to examine the issue of Australias Stolen Generation. The film brought the story of theRead MorePhysical Journey2166 Words   |  9 Pagesphysical journey, they become a trigger for and inner journey that allows us to celebrate who we are and what we have become due to the many hardships we’ve endured on the journey. These assumptions are what make up physical journeys; text such as Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce, and Journeys over Land and Seas From the book of Stimulus, as well as my related materials The Road from Vietnam by Shelley Saywell and Family Footsteps: Kwaku’s Story Broadcasted by ABC TV, November 2, 2006, all are powerfulRead MoreSymbolism In The Rabbit Proof Fence842 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, Rabbit Proof Fence, directed by Phillip Noyce, tells the story about three young aboriginals girls’ name, Molly, Daisy, and Gracie, who were taken away from their families and homes to be brought up in white society. The girls are related; two sisters and a cousin. The story reveals the struggles the girls encounters while trying to run away from Moore River, which is a settlement camp where half-caste native (children with both white and Native parents) children are educated on how toRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence1412 Words   |  6 PagesRabbit Proof Fence (2002) â€Å"Three little girls. Snatched from their mothers arms. Spirited 1,500 miles away. Denied their very identity. Forced to adapt to a strange new world. They will attempt the impossible. A daring escape. A run from the authorities. An epic journey across an unforgiving landscape that will test their very will to survive. Their only resources, tenacity, determination, ingenuity and each other. Their one hope, find the rabbit-proof fence that might just guide them home. ARead MoreA O Neville1279 Words   |  6 PagesDoes the movie present Mr. A.  O. Neville as a liberator or as a jailer? The Australian movie â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence† presents a sensational story about three half-caste young girls who escape from the settlement Moore River where in which they were abducted and taken to. The movie reveals the racism that took place between white Australians and Australia’s Aboriginal people. The movie clearly portrays Mr. A O Neville as a racial activist. Mr. A O Neville did what we thought was right. He did what theRead MoreThe Rabbit Proof Fence By Philip Noyce1665 Words   |  7 PagesPhilip Noyce`s film ‘The Rabbit Proof Fence’ (2002) and Jill Ker Conway`s autobiography ‘The Road From Coorain†(1989), discuss and compare many of the same themes which express the importance of ‘home’, and its significance to the protagonists of the texts. The Rabbit Proof Fence follows the journey of three young indigenous girls who were taken from their homes in 1931, as apart of the stolen generation. Conway’s autobiograp hy is a personal reflection of her up brining in rural Australia, and how

Loyalty Shown In The Odyssey Essay Example For Students

Loyalty Shown In The Odyssey Essay Loyalty to family, community, and the gods is an important quality in the lives of ancient Greek citizens. These qualities are clear demonstrated in The Odyssey through Penelope, Telemakhos, and Odysseus. Penelope shows her loyalty in several ways. She shows loyalty to Odysseus by waiting for his return for twenty long years. She did not choose a suitor until she knew for sure that Odysseus was dead. To delay the decision of choosing a suitor, Penelope said she would marry a suitor after she had finished weaving her shroud. She showed that she was weaving the shroud during the day, but at night, when it got dark she secretly unwove it. That is how Penelope shows her loyalty to her family. Telemakhos also shows loyalty to his family and community in various ways. He shows loyalty to the community by welcoming strangers to his home with feasts and gifts. He shows loyalty to his family by risking his life on the search for the knowledge of Odysseus situation. He journeys to Pylos and Sparta to seek news of his father whether he is dead or lost. This shows loyalty to Odysseus because he risks his life to know of his well being. This also shows loyalty to Penelope by journeying to Pylos and Sparta, even though his path may be dangerous, just so he can find knowledge of Odysseus and ease his mothers pain. He also shows loyalty to Penelope by trying to protect her and keeping the suitors away from her. During the final battle, Telemakhos shows loyalty to his father by fighting side by side with him against the suitors even though he knows he might die in battle. Odysseus shows loyalty like Telemakhos and Penelope to the gods and his family. Odysseus is a man that can be described as tenacious. He is always focused on one objective and that is to get home. He is persistent and overcomes any temptation that gets in his way. An example of this is when he is with the beautiful nymph Kalypso. She offers him immortality to stay with her and leave his thoughts for home but he gave it all up for his family and home. He never gave up hope and continued to trudge his way back home. He also shows loyalty to the god by not cursing them for all the harmful events that occur during his journey home. This book shows many clear examples of loyalty in the ancient Greek society. Loyalty was an important quality and to be disloyal meant death for the ancient Greeks. This is shown through the women who were disloyal and slept with the suitors. By Odysseus command they would be hung like doves or larks in springes triggered in a thicket. In conclusion, loyalty is shown throughout this book and is considered very important to the ancient Greeks. .

Monasticism In The Middle Ages Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Monasticism In The Middle Ages Argumentative Essay During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the monasteries served as one of the great civilizing forces by being the centers of education, preservers of learning, and hubs of economic development. Western monasticism was shaped by Saint Benedict of Nursia, who in 529, established a monastery in southern Italy. He created a workable model for running a monastery that was used by most western monastic orders of the Early Middle Ages. To the three vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity, which formed the foundation of most of the old monasteries, he added the vow of manual labor. Each monk did some useful work, such as, plowing the fields, planting and harvesting the grain, tending the sheep, or milking the cows. Others worked at various trades in the workshops. No task was too lowly for them. Benedicts rules laid down a daily routine of monastic life in much greater detail than the preceding rules appear to have done (Cantor 167-168). Schwartz 2The monks also believed in learning, and for centuries had the only schools in existence. The churchmen were the only people who could read or write. Most nobles and kings could not even write their names. The monastery schools were only available to young nobles who wished to master the art of reading in Latin, and boys who wished to study to become priests (Ault 405). The monasteries played a part as the preservers of learning. Many monks busied themselves copying manuscripts and became medieval publishing houses. They kept careful calendars so that they could keep up with the numerous saints days, and other feast days of the medieval church. The monks who kept the calendar often jotted down, in the margins, happenings of interest in the neighborhood or information learned from a traveler. Most of the books in existence, during the Middle Ages, were produced by monks, called scribes. These manuscripts were carefully and painstakingly handwritten. When the monks were writing, no one was allowed to speak, and they used sign language to communicate with each other. The books were written on vellum, made from calfs skin, or parchment, made from sheeps skin. The scribes used gothic letters, that were written so perfectly, they looked as if they were printed by a press. Many of the books were elaborately ornamented with gold or colore! d letters. The borders around each page were decorated with garlands, vines, or flowers. After the books were written, they were bound in leather or covered with velvet. The monks copied Schwartz 3bibles, hymns, and prayers, the lives of the saints, as well as the writings of the Greeks and Romans and other ancient peoples. The scribes added a little prayer at the end of each book, because they felt that god would be pleased with their work. Without their efforts, these stories and histories would have been lost to the world. The monks became the historians of their day by keeping a record of important events, year by year. It is from their writings that we derive a great deal of knowledge of the life, customs, and events of the medieval times (Ault 158). Medieval Europe made enormous economic gains because of the monks. They proved themselves to be intelligent landlords and agricultural colonizers of Western Europe. A very large proportion of the soil of Europe, in the Middle Ages, was wasteland. There were marshes and forests covering much of the land. The monasteries started cultivating the soil, draining the swamps, and cutting down the forests. These monastic communities attracted settlements of peasants around them because the monastery offered security. Vast areas of land were reclaimed for agricultural purposes. The peasants copied the agricultural methods of the monks. Improved breeding of cattle was developed by the monastic communities. Many monasteries were surrounded by marshes, but their land became fertile farms. The monasteries became model farms and served as local schools of agriculture. Farming was a chief economic activity of the monasteries. .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .postImageUrl , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:hover , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:visited , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:active { border:0!important; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:active , .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b0e9a1a17a8bd9b56dede2ae80a85fa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aj Davis Course Project Parts a and B EssayThey sold the excess that they grew in the marketpla! e, and this drew them into trade and commerce. Schwartz 4They sold hogs, charcoal, iron, building stone, and timber. This made them into the centers of civilization. Many monasteries conducted their market during patron saints day, and for several days or weeks after it. The aim was to buy and sell at a time when the greatest number of people assembled. Many times, the merchandise sold was not actually present at the market, but the buyer had to travel to another monastery to get it. No deferred payments or partial payments were allowed. Articles could not be bartered or exchan ged for other articles. The prevalence of a money economy made this rule enforceable (Dahmus 322). In theory, the monasteries were supposed to use the gains of disposing of their surplus for religious purposes These religious orders did vast amounts of charitable work and built beautiful buildings during this period. The monasteries heaped up vast treasures as a result of their personal activity. In many monasteries, only a small part of the land was cultivated by the monks. The remainder was allotted out to laborers, dairymen, foresters, and serfs, who paid their dues and rents in kind. Some of the articles received were eggs, cheese, mustard, shingles, posts, kegs, and casks. Many women spun and wove linen cloth, and sewed garments for the monks. Serfs tilled the fields and cultivated the vines. The monasteries had their trade well organized. They knew all of the paths and shortcuts on the highways. They built warehouses to hold their merchandise. They also started the practice of using agents to sell their products. Many monasteries were built on the Schwartz 5banks of navigable rivers, and this added to the development of their capabilities. Almost all of the monasteries received immunity from tolls along the highways and rivers. As the monasteries entered more and more into trade, as means of increasing their incomes, they established markets at convenient points between their monastery and other dependent holdings. The monasteries came into the possession of widely scattered lands as a result of donations. As their possessions became widely dispersed, it became difficult to maintain a strong central organization to manage their holdings and to keep them profitable to the monastery. Many times, the monasteries exchanged possessions of their widely scattered properties for those that were more centrally located. Often, exchanges were difficult to accomplish because the donations were given with a stipulation that the monastery had to retain the land in its possession (Thompson 663). Many artisans were employed at the monasteries. They manufactured utensils and articles that were the by-products of agriculture, like harnesses, saddles, shoes, and woolen goods. Many times, these artisans lived in quarters outside of the monastery walls. Fine arts were also represented by craftsmen living in the monastery. There were many skilled men practicing their trades, such as wood and stone carvers, guilders, painters, goldsmiths, silversmiths, and parchment makers. Because the monks enjoyed many privileges and exemptions, they were Schwartz 6able to produce articles of manufacture at a cost far below those of regular artisans and merchants (Lacroix 301). We have observed in the history of the development of the monastic economic system that there are successive stages. At first, the monasteries were agricultural colonies; then they began to market their produce; then to manufacture commodities. As the economic and social life of Europe grew more complex, the monasteries looked for new forms of investments. They developed a mortgage and loan business and became the earliest banking corporation of the middle ages. Although the Church prohibited the charging of interest, the monasteries argued that they were a corporation, not a person, so no sin was attached to the taking of interest. The loans made always carried a high collateral so the monastery made a handsome profit, even in the event of a default. .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .postImageUrl , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:hover , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:visited , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:active { border:0!important; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:active , .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9975309e7400e1d6ecb0d685d4b7c33a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HIV: The Search For A Vaccine EssayMany times, the person borrowing the money was required to make a gift apart from the collateral he had to put up. When the loan was paid back by the borrower, he was also expected to make an additional gift. The loa! ns made by the monasteries were usually short term, and the borrower would have trouble repaying it. Frequently, the monastery would cancel the loan, and the land held as security would go to the monastery. As the loan business grew, the monasteries were compelled to seek the assistance of trained officials to handle various transactions. Jews were hired for this purpose, since they were skilled money-changers and brokers of this period. This was a Schwartz 7natural transition from making profits in markets and trade to actual banking (Hartman 213). In conclusion, the monasteries offered many important services to the regions in which they were located. The monks and monasteries offered the leadership, that society needed, that could only come from the Church. They provided examples of order and discipline, preserved classical works, and taught reading and writing. The scribes did a great service to civilization, for through their work, many valuable books are preserved for us today, that otherwise might have been lost to the world. Monasteries were educational and economic centers in the areas in which they were established. They had a profound influence in the development of the society of the time. They acted as centers of agriculture and trade. Monasticism, which had begun as a flight from the civilized world, became, not only an integral part of society, but a great civilizing force of their time.